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C-type particles

  • 1 частицы С-типа

    1. C-type particles

     

    частицы С-типа
    «Диплоидные» формы ретровирусов, образуются в результате упаковки в один вирион двух копий РНК-генома - при одновременном заражении клетки двумя Ч.С-т. возможно образование «гетерозиготных» вирусных частиц.
    [Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > частицы С-типа

  • 2 интрацистернальные частицы А-типа

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > интрацистернальные частицы А-типа

  • 3 частицы С-типа

    Genetics: C-type particles ("диплоидные" формы ретровирусов, образуются в результате упаковки в один вирион двух копий РНК-генома - при одновременном заражении клетки двумя Ч. С-т. возможно образование "гетерозиготных" вирусных частиц)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > частицы С-типа

  • 4 НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

    1. internal arc-proof switchgear and controlgear assemblу
    2. arc-resistant switchgear
    3. arc-proof switchgear
    4. arc-proof switchboard
    5. arc-proof low voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly

     

    НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги
    комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    низковольтное комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    НКУ распределения и управления с защитой от электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    EN

    arc-resistant switchgear
    A type of switchgear design which is designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault, without causing harm to personnel who are located in defined areas. It is not intended to withstand these internal arcing fault without possibly causing physical damage to the structure and/or components, but often the physical damage is less with an arc-resistant design.

    There are three classes of protection:
    Type A - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type B - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type C - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear, from between compartments within the same cell, and between adjacent cells during an internal arcing fault.

    Arc-resistant switchgear has traditionally been metal-clad, but the basic concept could also be applied to other types of switchgear as well.

    arc-proof switchgear
    An incorrect term. Please refer to arc-resistant switchgear
    [Schneider Electric]
    [ http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/glossary-of-medium-voltage-switchgear-terms]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    If the electric arc occurs inside LV switchgear it generates internal overpressures and results in local overheatings which may cause high mechanical and thermal stresses in the equipment.

    Besides, the involved materials can generate hot decomposition products, gases or fumes, which, due to the overpressure, are almost always ejected to the outside of the enclosure thus jeopardizing the operator safety.

    The European Directive 2006/95/EC states the fundamental safety requirements for low voltage electric materials (from 50 V to 1000 V in alternating current, from 75 V to 1500 V in continuos current) to be put on the market within the European Community.

    Among the essential safety requirements defined by this Directive particular importance is given to the need of taking technical measures to prevent “temperature rises, electric arcs or radiations which may result in hazards” from occurring.

    This aspect has always been highly considered for apparatus, but it has been wrongly neglected for electrical switchgear and only in the last 10-15 years it has been catching on both at Italian as well as at international level.

    Safety for the operator and for the installation in case of arcing inside LV switchgear can be obtained through three different design philosophies:
    1. assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
    2. assemblies equipped with devices limiting the effects of internal arcing (active protection)
    3. assemblies equipped with current limiting circuitbreakers.

    These three solutions (also combined together) have found a remakable development in the industrial field and have been successfully applied by the main manufacturers of LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies.

    As it can be seen hereafter by examining the first two solutions, an “active” protection against arc faults is intrinsecally more complex than a “passive” one.

    This because of the presence of additional electromechanical/ electronic devices5 which limit the arcing effects and which, by their nature, may be subject to faults or not-tripping.
    [ABB]

    Дуга, возникшая внутри НКУ, создает внутреннее избыточное давление и вызывает локальный перегрев, что может привести к воздействию на оборудование значительного механического напряжения и перепада температур.

    Кроме того, под воздействием дуги различные материалы разлагаются на продукты, имеющие высокую температуру, в том числе газы и дым, которые почти всегда вырываются из оболочки НКУ под высоким давлением, подвергая опасности оперативный персонал.

    Европейская директива 2006/95/EC определяет основные требования безопасности для низковольтного (от 50 до 1000 В переменного тока и от 75 до 1500 В постоянного тока) оборудования поставляемого на рынок Европейского Сообщества.

    Одно из основных требований безопасности, определяемое данной директивой как наиболее важное, заключается в необходимости предпринять технические меры для предотвращения "подъема температуры, возникновения электрической дуги или излучения", которые могут причинить ущерб.

    Данная проблема всегда учитывалась при создании различных аппаратов, но незаслуженно игнорировалась при разработке электрических комплектных устройств, и только в последние 10-15 лет ей стали уделять должное внимание как в Италии, так и во всем мире.

    При возникновении электрической дуги внутри НКУ безопасность оператора и электроустановки обеспечивается тремя способами:
    1. Конструкция НКУ должна выдерживать механические воздействия, возникающие при горении электрической дуги (пассивная защита).
    2. НКУ должно быть оснащено устройствами, ограничивающими воздействие электрической дуги (активная защита)
    3. НКУ должны быть оснащены токоограничивающими автоматическими выключателями.

    Указанные три способа (применяемые совместно) получили дальнейшее развитие в промышленности и успешно применяются основными изготовителями НКУ распределения и управления.

    Как будет показано далее при рассмотрении первых двух способов, активная защита от дуговых» неисправностей является более сложной, чем пассивная защита.

    Это объясняется необходимостью использования дополнительных электромеханических или электронных устройств, задачей которых является ограничение воздействий дуги и которые сами могут оказаться неисправными и не сработать.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

  • 5 absetzen

    (trennb., hat -ge-)
    I v/t
    1. (Gegenstand) set ( oder put) down; (Brille, Hut) take off
    2. (Ggs. ansetzen) (Glas, Feder, Gewehr) put down; er trank, ohne das Glas einmal abzusetzen auch he downed his pint etc. in one umg., Am. he chug-a-lugged it ( oder drank it chug-a-lug) Sl.; ohne den Stift abzusetzen without lifting pen from (the) paper; Lasten genau absetzen spot loads
    3. (Mitreisenden, Fallschirmspringer) drop (off) (an, bei at)
    4. DRUCK. (Text) set (in type), set up, compose; die Zeile absetzen begin a new line
    5. (streichen) drop; von der Tagesordnung etc. absetzen take off the agenda etc.; vom Spielplan absetzen drop from the programme
    6. WIRTS. write off ( steuerlich: against tax); (abziehen) deduct
    7. vom Amt: dismiss; (Herrscher etc.) depose
    8. WIRTS. sell; sich leicht ( schwer) absetzen lassen (not to) sell well
    9. MED. (Arznei) stop taking; (Drogen) come off; (Therapie) break off
    10. absetzen von ( oder gegen) (Farbe etc.) set off against, contrast with
    11. mit einer Borte etc.: trim
    12. bes. GEOL., CHEM. deposit, precipitate
    13. Pferd: (den Reiter) throw
    14. AGR. (entwöhnen) (Kalb etc.) wean
    15. NAUT. (abstoßen) push off
    II v/refl
    1. auch GEOL., CHEM. (liegen bleiben) settle, deposit
    2. umg. (weggehen) clear out ( oder off), make off, leave ( nach for); sich ins Ausland absetzen leave the country
    3. (kontrastieren) contrast, form a contrast ( von with)
    4. MIL. withdraw, retreat
    5. SPORT pull ahead, leave the others behind
    III v/i (unterbrechen) stop, break off; ohne abzusetzen without a break; auch beim Trinken: in one go, Am. chug-a-lug Sl.; beim Schreiben: straight off
    * * *
    (abziehen) to deduct;
    (auf den Boden stellen) to set down; to put down;
    (aussteigen lassen) to set down; to drop;
    (des Amtes entheben) to supersede; to depose;
    (verkaufen) to sell
    * * *
    ạb|set|zen sep
    1. vt
    1) (= abnehmen) Hut, Brille to take off, to remove; (= hinstellen) Gepäck, Glas to set or put down; Geigenbogen, Feder to lift; Gewehr to unshoulder
    2) (= aussteigen lassen) Mitfahrer, Fahrgast to set down, to drop; Fallschirmjäger to drop
    3) (NAUT) to push off
    4) Theaterstück, Oper to take off; Fußballspiel, Turnier, Versammlung, Termin to cancel
    5) (= entlassen) to dismiss; Minister, Vorsitzenden to dismiss, to remove from office; König, Kaiser to depose; (sl) Freund, Freundin to chuck (inf)
    6) (= entwöhnen) Jungtier to wean; (MED) Medikament, Tabletten to come off, to stop taking; Behandlung to break off, to discontinue; (MIL) Ration etc to stop

    die Tabletten mussten abgesetzt werden — I/she etc had to stop taking the tablets or had to come off the tablets

    7) (COMM = verkaufen) Waren to sell
    8) (= abziehen) Betrag, Summe to deduct

    das kann man ( von der Steuer) absetzen — that is tax-deductible

    9) (= ablagern) Geröll to deposit
    10) (SEW) to trim
    11) (= kontrastieren) to contrast
    12) (TYP) Manuskript to (type)set, to compose

    (eine Zeile) absetzen — to start a new line

    2. vr
    1) (CHEM, GEOL) to be deposited; (Feuchtigkeit, Staub etc) to collect
    2) (inf = weggehen) to get or clear out (aus of) (inf); (SPORT = Abstand vergrößern) to pull ahead
    3)

    sich gegen jdn/etw absetzen — to stand out against sb/sth

    sich vorteilhaft gegen jdn/etw absetzen — to contrast favourably (Brit) or favorably (US) with sb/sth

    das macht er, nur um sich gegen die anderen abzusetzen — he only does that to be different from the others or to make himself stand out from the crowd

    3. vi
    to put one's glass down
    * * *
    1) (to remove from a high position (eg from that of a king): They have deposed the emperor.) depose
    2) (to put or set down: She deposited her shopping-basket in the kitchen.) deposit
    3) (to allow to get off a vehicle: Drop me off at the corner.) drop off
    4) (to set down from a car etc: The bus dropped me at the end of the road.) drop
    5) ((of a bus etc) to stop and let (passengers) out: The bus set us down outside the post-office.) set down
    * * *
    ab|set·zen
    I. vt
    1. (des Amtes entheben)
    ▪ jdn \absetzen to remove sb [from office], to relieve sb of their duties euph
    einen Herrscher \absetzen to depose a ruler
    einen König/eine Königin \absetzen to dethrone a king/queen
    ▪ etw \absetzen to take sth off, to remove sth
    seine Brille/seinen Hut \absetzen to take one's glasses/hat off
    3. (hinstellen) to put [or set] sth down
    ▪ jdn [irgendwo] \absetzen to drop sb [off somewhere]
    wo kann ich dich \absetzen? where shall I drop you off?
    ▪ etw \absetzen to sell sth
    bisher haben wir schon viel abgesetzt up till now our sales figures are good
    6. FIN
    ▪ etw [von etw dat] \absetzen to deduct sth [from sth]
    7. (nicht mehr stattfinden lassen)
    ▪ etw \absetzen to cancel sth
    ▪ etw von etw dat \absetzen to withdraw sth from sth
    ein Theaterstück \absetzen to cancel a play
    8. MED
    ▪ etw \absetzen to stop taking sth
    ein Medikament \absetzen to stop taking [or to come off] a medicine
    ▪ etw \absetzen to take sth off sth
    die Feder \absetzen to take [or lift] the pen off the paper
    die Flöte/das Glas \absetzen to take [or lower] the flute/glass from one's lips
    den Geigenbogen \absetzen to lift the bow [from the violin]
    ▪ Dinge/Menschen voneinander \absetzen to define things/people [or pick things/people out] [from one another]
    II. vr
    1. (sich festsetzen)
    ▪ sich akk [auf etw dat/unter etw dat] \absetzen Dreck, Staub to be [or settle] [on/under sth]
    2. CHEM, GEOL
    ▪ sich akk [irgendwo] \absetzen to be deposited [somewhere]
    3. (fam: verschwinden)
    ▪ sich akk \absetzen to abscond, to clear out fam
    sich akk ins Ausland \absetzen to clear out of [or leave] the country
    ▪ sich akk [von jdm/etw] \absetzen to get away [from sb/sth], to put a distance between oneself and sb/sth
    ▪ sich akk gegen jdn/etw [o von jdm/etw] \absetzen to stand out against [or from] sb/sth
    die Silhouette des Doms setzte sich gegen den roten Abendhimmel ab the silhouette of the cathedral contrasted with the red evening sky
    III. vi (innehalten) to pause [for breath], to take a breather fam
    er trank das Glas aus, ohne abzusetzen he drank the contents of the glass without pausing for breath
    * * *
    1.
    1) (abnehmen) take off
    2) (hinstellen) put down <glass, bag, suitcase>

    jemanden absetzen — (im öffentlichen Verkehr) put somebody down; let somebody out (Amer.); (im privaten Verkehr) drop somebody [off]

    4) (entlassen) dismiss < minister, official>; remove <chancellor, judge> from office; depose <king, emperor>
    5) (ablagern) deposit
    6) (absagen) drop; call off <strike, football match>
    7) (nicht mehr anwenden) discontinue <treatment, therapy>; stop taking <medicine, drug>
    8) (von den Lippen nehmen) take <glass, trumpet> from one's lips
    9) (verkaufen) sell
    10) (Steuerw.)

    etwas [von der Steuer] absetzen — deduct something [from tax]

    2.
    1) (sich ablagern) be deposited; < dust> settle; < particles in suspension> settle out
    3) (sich unterscheiden) s. abheben 3.
    4) (ugs.): (sich davonmachen) get away
    * * *
    absetzen (trennb, hat -ge-)
    A. v/t
    1. (Gegenstand) set ( oder put) down; (Brille, Hut) take off
    2. (Ggs ansetzen) (Glas, Feder, Gewehr) put down;
    er trank, ohne das Glas einmal abzusetzen auch he downed his pint etc in one umg, US he chug-a-lugged it ( oder drank it chug-a-lug) sl;
    ohne den Stift abzusetzen without lifting pen from (the) paper;
    3. (Mitreisenden, Fallschirmspringer) drop (off) (
    an, bei at)
    4. TYPO (Text) set (in type), set up, compose;
    die Zeile absetzen begin a new line
    5. (streichen) drop;
    absetzen take off the agenda etc;
    vom Spielplan absetzen drop from the programme
    6. WIRTSCH write off ( steuerlich: against tax); (abziehen) deduct
    7. vom Amt: dismiss; (Herrscher etc) depose
    8. WIRTSCH sell;
    sich leicht (schwer) absetzen lassen (not to) sell well
    9. MED (Arznei) stop taking; (Drogen) come off; (Therapie) break off
    10.
    gegen) (Farbe etc) set off against, contrast with
    11. mit einer Borte etc: trim
    12. besonders GEOL, CHEM deposit, precipitate
    13. Pferd: (den Reiter) throw
    14. AGR (entwöhnen) (Kalb etc) wean
    15. SCHIFF (abstoßen) push off
    B. v/r
    1. auch GEOL, CHEM (liegen bleiben) settle, deposit
    2. umg (weggehen) clear out ( oder off), make off, leave (
    nach for);
    sich ins Ausland absetzen leave the country
    3. (kontrastieren) contrast, form a contrast (
    von with)
    4. MIL withdraw, retreat
    5. SPORT pull ahead, leave the others behind
    C. v/i (unterbrechen) stop, break off;
    ohne abzusetzen without a break; auch beim Trinken: in one go, US chug-a-lug sl; beim Schreiben: straight off
    * * *
    1.
    1) (abnehmen) take off
    2) (hinstellen) put down <glass, bag, suitcase>

    jemanden absetzen — (im öffentlichen Verkehr) put somebody down; let somebody out (Amer.); (im privaten Verkehr) drop somebody [off]

    4) (entlassen) dismiss <minister, official>; remove <chancellor, judge> from office; depose <king, emperor>
    5) (ablagern) deposit
    6) (absagen) drop; call off <strike, football match>
    7) (nicht mehr anwenden) discontinue <treatment, therapy>; stop taking <medicine, drug>
    8) (von den Lippen nehmen) take <glass, trumpet> from one's lips
    9) (verkaufen) sell
    10) (Steuerw.)

    etwas [von der Steuer] absetzen — deduct something [from tax]

    2.
    1) (sich ablagern) be deposited; < dust> settle; < particles in suspension> settle out
    4) (ugs.): (sich davonmachen) get away
    * * *
    v.
    to deduct v.
    to drop v.
    to put down v.
    to sell v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: sold)
    to set down v.
    to unseat v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > absetzen

  • 6 включение рецепт

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > включение рецепт

  • 7 ἄν

    1
    I. ἄν (after relatives ἐάν [q.v.] is oft. used for ἄν, but the mss. vary greatly, s. B-D-F §107; 377; Mlt. 42ff, 165ff; Mayser 152f; Crönert 130f; Thackeray 67; Dssm., NB 30ff [BS 202ff]). A particle peculiar to Gk. (Hom.+) denoting aspect of contingency, incapable of translation by a single English word; it denotes that the action of the verb is dependent on some circumstance or condition; the effect of ἄν upon the meaning of its clause depends on the mood and tense/aspect of the verb w. which it is used. The NT use of ἄν corresponds in the main to older Gk., although the rich variety of its employment is limited, as is generally the case in later Greek. In certain constructions (s. aβ) an aspect of certainty is indicated, suggesting the gloss would. In most other instances aspects of varying possibility or conditionality find expression in ways that can be rendered ever, but with other glosses required when ἄν is used in conjunction with other particles.
    ⓐ ἄν w. aor. or impf. indic.
    α. denoting repeated action in past time, but only under certain given conditions, esp. after relatives (B-D-F §367; Rob. index): aor. (Gen 30:42; Num 9:17; 1 Km 14:47; Ezk 10:11) ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ, ἐσῴζοντο whoever touched him was cured Mk 6:56. Impf. (Ezk 1:20; 1 Macc 13:20; Tob 7:11) ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας wherever he went (as he was accustomed to do—ADebrunner, D. hellenist. Nebensatziterativpräteritum mit ἄν: Glotta 11, 1920, 1–28) into villages Mk 6:56. καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν as anyone was in need Ac 2:45; 4:35. Similarly ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε (v.l. ἀνήγεσθε) 1 Cor 12:2. Cp. also ὅταν 1bγ and δ.
    β. in the apodosis of a contrary to fact (unreal) condition w. εἰ (B-D-F §360; but ἄν is not always used [s. the vv.ll. J 18:36]: §360, 1; Mlt. 199ff; PMelcher, De sermone Epicteteo 1905, 75); it is found
    א. w. impf. (4 Macc 17:7; Bar 3:13; ParJer 5:20; GrBar 6:6; ApcMos 39) οὗτος εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would (now) know (but he does not) Lk 7:39. εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν …, ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith …, you would say 17:6. εἰ ἐπιστεύετε Μωϋσεῖ, ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί J 5:46. εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου ἄν ᾔδειτε 8:19; cp. vs. 42; 9:41; 15:19. εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην Gal 1:10; cp. 3:21. εἰ ἑαυτοὺς διεκρίνομεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα 1 Cor 11:31. εἰ ἦν ἐπὶ γῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν ἦν ἱερεύς if he were on earth, he would not even be a priest Hb 8:4; cp. 4:8; 8:7; 11:15.
    ב. w. aor., placing the assumption in the past (Gen 30:27; Wsd 11:25; Jdth 11:2; 4 Macc 2:20; TestJob 7:9 al.; ParJer 5:5; GrBar 8:7; PGiss 47, 17) εἰ ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν … μετενόησαν if the miracles had been performed, they would long ago have repented Mt 11:21. εἰ ἔγνωσαν, οὐκ ἂν ἐσταύρωσαν 1 Cor 2:8; cp. Ro 9:29 (Is 1:9). εἰ ἐγνώκειτε, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε if you had recognized, you would not have condemned Mt 12:7. εἰ ἠγαπᾶτέ με, ἐχάρητε ἄν if you loved me, you would have rejoiced J 14:28; cp. 11:21. The plpf. for aor. indic. (PGiss 79 II, 6 εἰ δυνατόν μοι ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ὠκνήκειν; BGU 1141, 27f) εἰ ἦσαν, μεμενήκεισαν ἄν 1J 2:19; cp. J 11:21 v.l.—In κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα Lk 19:23, ἐλθών functions as an unreal-temporal protasis (B-D-F §360, 2); cp. καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐγὼ ἐκομισάμην ἂν τὸ ἐμόν Mt 25:27. Sim. ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι; where ἐπεί functions as protasis, otherwise (i.e. if the sacrifices had really brought about a lasting atonement) would they not have ceased to offer sacrifices? Hb 10:2.
    ⓑ ἄν w. subjunc. after relatives, the rel. clause forming virtually the protasis of a conditional sentence (B-D-F §380, 1) of the future more vivid or present general type.
    α. w. fut. or impf. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results are thought of as in the future, of single and repeated action (IG XIV, 865 [VI B.C.] ὸ̔ς δʼ ἄν με κλέψῃ, τυφλὸς ἔσται; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]). ὸ̔ς δʼ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται but whoever does and teaches=if a person does and teaches it Mt 5:19. ὸ̔ς ἂν ἐσθίῃ …, ἔνοχος ἔσται 1 Cor 11:27. οὓς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) δοκιμάσητε, τούτους πέμψω 16:3—Mt 10:11; 1 Cor 16:2.
    β. w. pres. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results involve repeated action, regardless of the time element: ἃ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ whatever he does, the Son does likewise J 5:19. ὅπου ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ, ῥήσσει αὐτόν wherever it seizes him Mk 9:18. ὑμῖν ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία …, ὅσους ἂν προσκαλέσηται κύριος Ac 2:39. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἐχθρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ καθίσταται whoever wishes to be a friend of the world Js 4:4. Cp. ὅπου ἄν 3:4 v.l.—Where ὅς or ὅστις appears w. subj. without ἄν (but cp. IG XII/1, 671 ὸ̔ς ἀνασπαράξῃ τ. τάφον; CPR I, 24, 33; 25, 19; AcThom 93 [Aa II/2, 206], 19; Is 7:2; 31:4), the reading that gives the fut. ind. is prob. the right one: ὅστις τηρήσῃ (v.l.-σει) Js 2:10. ὅσοι (without ἄν PPetr I, 13, 3;5; CPR I, 237, 3; IPergamon 249, 26 ὅσοι … ἐγλίπωσι τὴν πόλιν; Vett. Val. 125, 16): ὅσοι μετανοήσωσιν καὶ καθαρίσωσιν Hs 8, 11, 3 (s. W. and Joly app. for the textual tradition). See Reinhold 108; B-D-F §380, 4.
    ⓒ In temporal clauses ἄν is found w. the subjunct. when an event is to be described which can and will occur, but whose occurrence cannot yet be assumed w. certainty. So
    α. ὅταν (=ὅτε ἄν; s. ὅταν) w. pres. subjunct. to indicate regularly recurring action (Wsd 12:18): ὅταν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν whenever they eat bread Mt 15:2. ὅταν λαλῇ τὸ ψεῦδος whenever he tells a lie J 8:44. ὅταν λέγῃ τις whenever anyone says 1 Cor 3:4.—W. aor. subjunct. to express action in the future which is thought of as already completed (Sir Prol. ln. 22; Tob 8:21) ὅταν ποιήσητε πάντα when you have done Lk 17:10. ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος when the owner has come Mt 21:40; ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mk 8:38; cp. J 4:25; 16:13; Ac 23:35. ὅταν πάλιν εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον Hb 1:6.
    β. ἡνίκα ἄν every time that (Ex 1:10; 33:22; 34:24 al.; POxy 104, 26 [96 A.D.]; PTebt 317, 18 [174/75] ἡνίκα ἐὰν εἰς τὸν νόμον παραγένηται). ἡνίκα ἂν (also ἐάν mss.) ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς every time that Moses is read aloud 2 Cor 3:15; cp. vs. 16.
    γ. ὁσάκις ἐάν as often as: ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) πίνητε 1 Cor 11:25. ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) ἐσθίητε vs. 26.
    δ. ὡς ἄν as soon as (PHib 59, 2 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; 66, 4; PEleph 9, 3 [III B.C.]; PParis 46, 18 [143 B.C.]; BGU 1209, 13 [23 B.C.]; Josh 2:14; Jdth 11:15; 1 Macc 15:9): ὡς ἂν πορεύωμαι as soon as I travel Ro 15:24. ὡς ἂν ἔλθω as soon as I come 1 Cor 11:34. ὡς ἂν ἀφίδω τὰ περὶ ἐμέ as soon as I see how it will go with me Phil 2:23. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96]) Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.—ἀφʼ οὗ ἄν after Lk 13:25.—In the case of temporal particles indicating a goal, viz. ἕως οὗ, ἄχρις (οὗ), μέχρις (οὗ), the mss. show considerable variation; the addition of ἄν is prob. correct only in rare cases (see B-D-F §383, 2). Only ἕως ἄν (PPetr II, 40a, 28 [III B.C.] ἕως ἂν ὑγιαίνοντας ὑμᾶς ἴδωμεν; Gen 24:14, 19; 49:10; Ex 23:30 al.) has certain attestation: μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε stay until you go away Mt 10:11. ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 9:27.—Mt 2:13; 5:26. ἕως ἂν λάβῃ Js 5:7 v.l.—ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) ἔλθῃ 1 Cor 11:26. ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) θῇ 15:25; ἄχρις οὗ ἂν ἥξω Rv 2:25 (v.l. ἄχρι). ἄχρις ἂν ἔλθῃ (cp. BGU 830, 13 [I A.D.] ἄχρις ἄν σοι ἔλθω) Gal 3:19 v.l.—πρὶν ἄν: πρὶν ἢ ἂν (vv.ll. πρὶν ἄν, πρὶν ἢ, only πρὶν or ἕως ἂν) ἴδῃ τὸν Χριστόν Lk 2:26 (B-D-F §383, 3).
    ⓓ In purpose clauses the Attic (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I, 1912, 267f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graec. finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff) ὅπως ἄν, esp. freq. in earlier ins (Meisterhans3-Schw. 254), has become quite rare (LXX still rather often: Gen 18:19; 50:20; Ex 33:13; Jer 7:23 al.) ὅπως ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν διαλογισμοί Lk 2:35. ὅπως ἂν ἔλθωσιν καιροί Ac 3:20.—15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6); Mt 6:5 v.l.
    ⓔ The opt. w. ἄν in a main clause (potential opt.) has almost wholly disappeared; a rare ex. is εὐξαίμην (v.l. εὐξάμην) ἄν Ac 26:29 in Paul’s speech before Agrippa (literary usage; s. B-D-F §385, 1; also Rob. 938; Themist. 6 p. 80 D.—On the rarity of the potential opt. in pap, LXX, Apost. Fathers see CHarsing, De Optat. in Chartis Aeg. Usu, diss. Bonn 1910, 28; Reinhold 111). Cp.—also in the literary lang. of Lk—direct rhetor. questions (Gen 23:15; Job 19:23; Sir 25:3; 4 Macc 7:22; 14:10 v.l.; TestJob 13:5 τίς ἄν δώῃ 35:5) πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην; Ac 8:31. τί ἂν θέλοι οὗτος λέγειν; 17:18. Dg has also preserved the opt. as a mark of elegant style (2:3, 10; 3:3f; 4:5; 7:2f; 8:3). MPol 2:2 has τίς οὐκ ἂν θαυμάσειεν;—More freq. in an indirect question, after an impf. or histor. pres. (B-D-F §386, 1; Rob. 938f) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό what he wanted the child’s name to be Lk 1:62. τίς ἂν εἴη περὶ οὗ λέγει J 13:24. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν which of them was the greatest Lk 9:46; cp. 18:36 v.l. τί ἂν ποιήσαιεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ what they should do to Jesus 6:11. τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο Ac 5:24. τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὅραμα 10:17. (IMagnMai 215 [I A.D.] ἐπερωτᾷ … τί ἂν ποιήσας … ἀδεῶς διατελοίη; Esth 3:13c πυθομένου δέ μου … πῶς ἂν ἀχθείη τοῦτο.)
    ⓕ The use of ἄν w. inf. and ptc., freq. in earlier Gk., is not found in the NT at all (B-D-F §396); ἵνα μὴ δόξω ὡς ἂν (or ὡσὰν, q.v.) ἐκφοβεῖν ὑμᾶς 2 Cor 10:9 is surely to be expl. in such a way that ὡς ἂν=Lat. quasi: I would not want it to appear as if I were frightening you; s. B-D-F §453, 3; Mlt. 167.—On εἰ μήτι ἂν (sc. γένηται) ἐκ συμφώνου except perhaps by agreement 1 Cor 7:5 s. B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169.—M-M.
    2
    II. ἄν for ἐάν is rare in Hellen. Gk. (B-D-F §107; Mlt. 43 n. 2; cp. Hyperid. 4, 5; 5, 15; Teles p. 31, 6; Plut., Mor. 547a; Epict., index Schenkl; pap [Mayser 152]; ins, esp. of the Aegean Sea [Rdm.2 198, 3; s. also SIG index IV 204]; 1 Esdr 2:16; 4 Macc 16:11; Jos., Ant. 4, 70; 219; Test12Patr; Mel. Fgm. 8b 24), but appears J 13:20; 16:23; 20:23; as v.l. 5:19; 9:22; 12:32; 19:12; Ac 9:2; and IMg 10:1.—Mlt. 63, 1.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄν

  • 8 определённый

    •

    Each absorption band is associated with a distinct (or definite) type of electrical oscillator.

    II
    •

    A counter may be located at a fixed (or set) distance from the source.

    III
    . тот или иной
    •

    The maximum rate of change of a particular characteristic of the orbit...

    •

    Apparatus suitable for specific test methods...

    •

    The conveyor feeds a specified amount of coal into...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > определённый

  • 9 приписывать

    •

    Historians trace both ideas to ancient Greeks.

    •

    We ascribe to r(β) and s(α) the values determined at points and , respectively.

    •

    The amber was assigned a negative charge.

    •

    Not long ago these diseases were accredited to our dizzy pace of living.

    •

    Anderson ascribes this disagreement to the oversimplified model.

    •

    The increased boron content may be attributed (or ascribed) to the dissolution of the samples.

    •

    A large number of early investigators are credited with the invention of the mercury thermometer.

    •

    The same type of structure can be assigned to many other molecules with unsaturated six-member rings.

    •

    The elementary particles can be classified by assigning quantum numbers to each of them.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приписывать

  • 10 развиваться

    •

    Electroplating is heading in several new directions.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > развиваться

  • 11 столько ... , сколько

    •

    The mole is the amount that contains as many particles of a specified type as there are I2C atoms in...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > столько ... , сколько

  • 12 тщательно

    •

    They examined the source more closely with the aid of the new telescope.

    •

    If we had worked more exhaustively (or laboriously) we would have succeeded in preparing...

    II
    •

    Pulp particles and reagents are mixed much more intimately than is possible with open type agitators.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > тщательно

  • 13 гидравлический привод

    1) General subject: hydraulic fluid power (ISO 4406:1999 “Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles.” - "Приводы гидравлические. Жидкости. Метод кодирования степени загрязнения твердыми частицами")
    3) Engineering: fluid drive, hydraulic gear
    4) Railway term: fluid-type drive
    6) Astronautics: hydraulic action
    7) Mechanics: oil actuator
    9) Automation: allhydraulic drive, fluid (power) drive, full hydraulic drive, hydraulic (power) drive, liquid drive, oil-hydraulic drive
    10) Robots: hydraulic drill
    11) Mechanisms: hydraulic actuation

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > гидравлический привод

  • 14 אתרוציט

    athrocyte, type of cell which absorbs foreign particles (Biology)

    Hebrew-English dictionary > אתרוציט

  • 15 chenga

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] chop off
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] cut off
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] deceive
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] hack off
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] saw off
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -chenga
    [English Word] split
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] chenga kuni
    [English Example] chop firewood
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -piga chenga
    [English Word] avoid
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -piga chenga
    [English Word] dodge
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] naona ananipiga chenga tu [Ya]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -piga chenga
    [English Word] dribble (in sports)
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] utadhani mfungaji magoli kiwanjani anapiga chenga [Ma]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -piga chenga
    [English Word] evade (by trickery)
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -piga chenga
    [English Word] dodge
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Definition] tendo la kumepuka mtu kwa hila au ujanja, kuhepa mtu au kitu ile kupata nafasi ya kupita
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [English Word] chip
    [English Plural] chips
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [English Word] evasion
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [English Word] excuse
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [Swahili Plural] chenga
    [English Word] fish (type of)
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10an
    [Terminology] marine
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [Swahili Plural] chenga
    [English Word] remains of ground grain
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    [Swahili Example] [mwanao] ukimpa chenga, wa mwinzio chenjegele [Sul]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [Swahili Plural] chenga
    [English Word] small piece of grain
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [Swahili Plural] chenga
    [English Word] particle
    [English Plural] particles
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [English Word] shaving
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] chenga
    [English Word] splinter
    [English Plural] splinters
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > chenga

  • 16 группа

    brigade, array, batch, bank, (напр. каналов) block связь, bunch электрон., bundle, ( предметов) clump, cluster, crew, ensemble, group, manning, party, series, set, team, ( прокатных клетей или валков) train
    * * *
    гру́ппа ж.
    group
    а́белева гру́ппа мат. — Abelian [commutative] group
    гру́ппа автоморфи́змов мат. — automorphism group
    ари́льная гру́ппа — aryl residue
    архе́йская гру́ппа геол. — Archean group
    гру́ппа а́томов — cluster of atoms
    бесконе́чная гру́ппа мат. — infinite group, a group of infinite order
    гру́ппа бло́ков па́мяти — memory bank
    винтомото́рная гру́ппа — aircraft power plant, propulsion unit
    возрастна́я гру́ппа — age group, age bracket
    гру́ппа враще́ния мех. — rotational group, group of rotations
    втори́чная гру́ппа свз. — supergroup
    гру́ппа доро́жек вчт. — track group
    дро́бно-лине́йная гру́ппа мат. — linear fractional group
    замеща́ющая гру́ппа хим. — substituting group
    знакопереме́нная гру́ппа — alternating group
    гру́ппа ио́нов — ionic cluster
    кана́льная, втори́чная гру́ппа ( 60 каналов) — (60-)channel supergroup
    кана́льная, перви́чная гру́ппа ( 12 каналов) — (12-)channel bank
    кана́льная, трети́чная гру́ппа ( 300 каналов) — (300-)channel master group
    киносъё́мочная гру́ппа — film production staff
    гру́ппа клете́й ( прокатного стана) — train
    гру́ппа клете́й, непреры́вная — continuous train
    гру́ппа клете́й, располо́женных в ша́хматном поря́дке — staggered train
    гру́ппа клете́й, чернова́я — roughing train
    гру́ппа клете́й, чистова́я — finishing train
    гру́ппа коло́нок (перфо)ка́рты — card field
    коммутати́вная гру́ппа мат. — commutative [Abelian] group
    компа́ктная гру́ппа мат. — compact group
    компа́ктная, лока́льная гру́ппа мат. — locally compact group
    коне́чная гру́ппа мат. — finite group
    конта́ктная гру́ппа — contact set
    конта́ктная гру́ппа на замыка́ние — make contact springs
    конта́ктная гру́ппа на размыка́ние — break contact springs
    гру́ппа Ли мат. — Lie group
    мультиопера́торная гру́ппа мат. — group with multiple operators
    гру́ппа нагрева́тельных коло́дцев — battery [bank] of soaking [reheating] pits
    накрыва́ющая гру́ппа мат. — covering group
    гру́ппа направле́ний, непо́лная геод. — broken round
    некоммутати́вная гру́ппа мат. — non-commutative group
    непреры́вная гру́ппа мат. — continuous group
    нильпоте́нтная гру́ппа мат. — nilpotent group
    однопараметри́ческая гру́ппа мат. — one-parameter group
    периоди́ческая гру́ппа мат. — torsion group
    гру́ппа подстано́вок мат. — substitution [permutation] group
    полупроста́я гру́ппа мат. — semi-simple group
    гру́ппа преобразова́ний — transformation group
    прима́рная гру́ппа мат. — primary group
    примити́вная гру́ппа мат. — primitive group
    проекти́вная гру́ппа мат. — projective group
    прое́ктная гру́ппа — design team
    проста́я гру́ппа мат. — simple group
    радика́льная гру́ппа — radical group
    разреши́мая гру́ппа мат. — solvable [integrable] group
    гру́ппа свай — clump of piles
    силова́я гру́ппа ав. — power plant, propulsion unit
    гру́ппа симме́трии — symmetry group
    гру́ппа слов вчт. — block of words
    гру́ппа соедине́ния обмо́ток ( трансформатора) — (group) reference, vector [phase-displacement] group
    гру́ппа сопротивле́ний — bank of resistors
    гру́ппа ста́на, чернова́я прок. — roughing mill group
    гру́ппа ста́на, чистова́я прок. — finishing mill group
    гру́ппа сто́ек свз. — row of bays
    гру́ппа ступе́нчатого включе́ния свз., тлф. — grading group
    гру́ппа счё́тчиков (напр. частиц) — bank of counters
    гру́ппа тепловыделя́ющих элеме́нтов ( ядерного реактора) — cluster of fuel elements
    топологи́ческая гру́ппа — topological group
    гру́ппа то́чек — cluster of points
    унита́рная гру́ппа мат. — unitary group
    фанто́мная гру́ппа свз. — phantom group
    фё́доровская гру́ппа мат. — Fedorov group
    функциона́льная гру́ппа — functional group
    цикли́ческая гру́ппа — cyclic(al) group
    гру́ппа части́ц — ( движущихся) particle group; ( неподвижных) cluster of particles, particle cluster
    гру́ппа шри́фта — family of type
    гру́ппа электро́нов — bunch of electrons

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > группа

  • 17 elektra

    adj. electricity, type of energy which results from the existence of charged particles (used to produce light, heat, etc.)

    Holandés-inglés dicionario > elektra

  • 18 elektriciteit

    n. <I>(old spell.><B>electriciteit</B>)</I> electricity, type of energy which results from the existence of charged particles (used to produce light, heat, etc.)

    Holandés-inglés dicionario > elektriciteit

  • 19 отделитель

    1. м. separator
    2. м. эл. isolating switch

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > отделитель

  • 20 Crookes, Sir William

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 17 June 1832 London, England
    d. 4 April 1919 London, England
    [br]
    English chemist and physicist who carried out studies of electrical discharges and cathode rays in rarefied gases, leading to the development of the cathode ray tube; discoverer of the element thallium and the principle of the Crookes radiometer.
    [br]
    Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15, and from 1850 to 1854 held the appointment of Assistant at the college. In 1854 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. He moved to a post at the College of Science in Chester the following year. Soon after this he inherited a large fortune and set up his own private laboratory in London. There he studied the nature of electrical discharges in gases at low pressure and discovered the dark space (later named after him) that surrounds the negative electrode, or cathode. He also established that the rays produced in the process (subsequently shown by J.J.Thompson to be a stream of electrons) not only travelled in straight lines, but were also capable of producing heat and/or light upon impact with suitable anode materials. Using a variety of new methods to investigate these "cathode" rays, he applied them to the spectral analysis of compounds of selenium and, as a result, in 1861 he discovered the element thallium, finally establishing its atomic weight in 1873. Following his discovery of thallium, he became involved in two main lines of research: the properties of rarified gases, and the investigation of the elements of the "rare earths". It was also during these experiments that he discovered the principle of the Crookes radiometer, a device in which light is converted into rotational motion and which used to be found frequently in the shop windows of English opticians. Also among the fruits of this work were the Crookes tubes and the development of spectacle lenses with differential ranges of radiational absorption. In the 1870s he became interested in spiritualism and acquired a reputation for his studies of psychic phenomena, but at the turn of the century he returned to traditional scientific investigations. In 1892 he wrote about the possibility of wireless telegraphy. His work in the field of radioactivity led to the invention of the spinthariscope, an early type of detector of alpha particles. In 1900 he undertook investigations into uranium which led to the study of scintillation, an important tool in the study of radioactivity.
    While the theoretical basis of his work has not stood the test of time, his material discoveries, observations and investigations of new facts formed a basis on which others such as J.J. Thomson were to develop subatomic theory. His later involvement in the investigation of spiritualism led to much criticism, but could be justified on the basis of a belief in the duty to investigate all phenomena.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1897. Order of Merit 1910. FRS 1863. President, Royal Society 1913–15. Honorary LLD Birmingham. Honorary DSc Oxon, Cambridge, Sheffield, Durham, Ireland and Cape of Good Hope.
    Bibliography
    1874, On Attraction and Repulsion Resulting from Radiation.
    1874, "Researches in the phenomenon of spiritualism", Society of Metaphysics; reprinted in facsimile, 1986.
    Further Reading
    E.E.Fournier D'Albe, 1923, Life of Sir William Crookes. Who Was Who II, 1916–28, London: A. \& C. Black. T.I.Williams, 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists. See also Braun, Karl Ferdinand.
    KF / MG

    Biographical history of technology > Crookes, Sir William

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